Effect of warm acupuncture on pathological morphology and pain-induced inflammatory mediators in rats with myofascial pain trigger / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#Based on the establishment of a rat model of trigger point, this study was to intervene with warm acupuncture, and to evaluate the effect on pathological morphology and pain-induced inflammation of the rat model by microscopic pathology and microdialysis.@*METHODS@#Sixty-four SD rats were randomly divided into group A (blank control), group B (model control) and group C (model and intervention control). Groups A and B were divided into 3 groups (A0, A1, A2 and B0, B1, B2), the group C was divided into 2 groups (C1 and C2). The MTrPs model was established in both groups B and C, warm acupuncture intervention were given to the C1 group for 7 days and the C2 group for 15 days. Rats were sacrificed in batches. MTrPs were locally sampled and stained with hematoxylin-eosin after the preparation. The pathological changes were observed under light microscopy. The iocal interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 were detected by microdialysis technique.@*RESULTS@#Microscopically, the muscle fibers of the model were arranged disorderly, broken, twisted, local fibrosis, contracture thickening and so on; macrophage and other inflammatory cell invasion in local area and a large area of adhesion occurred on the contracture nodule, the pathological state of local muscle fibers was significantly improved after warm needle intervention, local microvascular formation and maturation, local muscle fiber repair. After successful modeling, the amount of interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 in group B0 was significantly higher than that in group A0 before warm needle intervention (0.05). Group C1 and B1 were significantly higher than group A1 (<0.01); warm needle intervention for 15 days, the amount of interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 in group C2 were lower than those in group B2 (<0.05), but those in group C2 and B2 were significantly higher than group A2 (<0.01), and the amount of interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 in group C2 was lower than group C1 (<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The modeling method of exercise combined hitting used in this study was proved to be effective by histopathology; warm acupuncture can improve the pathological and inflammatory state of local muscle fiber in myofascial pain trigger of rat, promote local microvascular formation and maturation, and help the trigger point local muscle fiber repair.

Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Oral Dosage Forms of Huperzine A in Healthy Chinese Male Volunteers: a Randomized,Single Dose, Three-period, Six-sequence Crossover Study / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Huperzine A is a potent,reversible,and blood-brain barrier permeable acetylcholinesterase irhibitor.The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics,tolerability,and bioavailability of two formulations with the established reference formulation of huperzine A in a fasting,healthy Chinese male population.This was a randomized,single-dose,3-period,6-sequence crossover study.The plasma concentrations of huperzine A were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Tolerability was assessed based on subject interview,vital sign monitoring,physical examination,and routine blood and urine tests.The mean (SD) pharmacokinetic parameters of the reference drug were Cmax,1.550 (0.528) ng/mL;t1/2,12.092 (1.898) h;AUC0-72h,17.550 (3.794) ng.h/mL.Those of the test formulation A and test formulation B were Cmax,1.412 (0.467),1.521 (0.608) ng/mL;t1/2,12.073 (2.068),12.271 (1.678) h;AUC0-72h,15.286 (3.434) ng.h/mL,15.673 (3.586) ng.h/mL.The 90％ confidence intervals for the AUC0-72h and Cmax were between 0.80 and 1.25.No adverse events were reported by the subjects or found with results of clinical laboratory test.The test and reference products met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these fasting,healthy Chinese male volunteers.All three formulations appeared to be well tolerated.

Prevention of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage with absorbable hemostatic fluid gelatin / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effectiveness of absorbable hemostatic fluid gelatin in preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 17 patients with dura mater tear were retrospectively analyzed from March to September in 2003. There were 16 males and 1 female, aged from 16 to 67 years old with an average of (39.6 ± 15.4) years. The injury site was at cervical vertebrae in 1 case, thoracic vertebrae in 9 cases, thoracolumbar junction in 4 cases, lumbar vertebrae in 3 cases. There were burst fracture in 4 cases and fracture-dislocation in 13 cases. According to ASIA grade, 12 cases were grade A, 2 cases were grade B, 2 cases were grade D, 1 case were grade E. Two cases caused by traffic accident, 10 by high falling, 4 by heavy parts crash, 1 by stairs fell during the earthquake. Absorbable hemostatic fluid gelatins were used to plug the dura mater tear,in order to prevent postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Postoperative drainage were recorded every day.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 17 patients, 15 cases did not develop with cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Two cases develop with cerebrospinal fluid leakage after operation and their drainage were removed at 6 to 7 days after operation. In all cases, no complications related with cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred, such as headache, dizzy, fever,neck resistance, rash, incision disunion, incision infection, hematoma, neurologic symptoms aggravation. No abnormal phenomena was found on incision surrounding at follow-up of 9 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using absorbable hemostatic fluid gelatin to plug the dura mater tear during operation is an effective method in preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage.</p>

Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus activities of three main components of azalomycin F / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To research the anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activities of azalomycins F5a, F4a and F3a and their potential synergistic anti-MRSA activities combined with other compounds. METHODS: Against a reference strain MRSA ATCC 33592 and eight clinical isolates MRSA 01-08, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of three main components of azalomycin F were determined by broth microdilution method, and daptomycin was used as positive control. The anti-MRSA effects of them combined with carnosic acid or trimethylhydroquinone were designed with checkerboard method, and determined by broth microdilution method. RESULTS: Their MICs of azalomycins F5a, F4a and F3a against all nine MRSA strains were successively 4-8, 4 and 4-8 μg · mL-1, and all their MBCs were 8-16 μg · mL-1. All the fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) of them combined with carnosic acid or trimethylhydroquinone were 0.75-1.25 (indifference) or 0.25-0.50 (synergism). CONCLUSION: Three main compounds of azalomycin F have remarkable anti-MRSA activities, and the anti-MRSA effect of azalomycins F5a, F4a or F3a combined with trimethylhydroquinone was synergistic. As new anti-MRSA macrocyclide, azalomycin F is worthy of further research and development.

Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus assay of azalomycin F5a and its derivatives / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To discover anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) microbial natural products or their derivatives.@*METHOD@#Azalomycin F5a (1) was prepared through fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. azalomyceticus, and its derivatives were synthesized through hydrocarbylation in hydrocarbyl alcoholic-AcOH (4 : 1) and subsequent demalonylation with 2 mol·L(-1) KOH in MeOH-H2O (7 : 3). Their activities against MRSA ATCC 33592 and three clinical MRSA isolates were evaluated by the agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods.@*RESULTS@#Four demalonylazalomycin F5a derivatives 2 to 5 were synthesized. The anti-MRSA activity assay indicated that compounds 1 to 5 showed remarkable activity against MRSA, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were respectively 3.0-4.0, 0.5-1.0, 0.67-1.0, 0.67-0.83, and 0.5-0.83 μg·mL(-1).@*CONCLUSION@#Azalomycin F5a and the demalonylazalomycin F5a derivatives 2-5 showed remarkable anti-MRSA activity, and the anti-MRSA activities of 2 to 5 were higher than that of 1, while the anti-MRSA activities of 2 to 5 showed no obvious differences. It was also shown that the malonyl monoester group of azalomycin F5a was less important for its anti-MRSA activity.

Efficacy analysis of sacral canal injection in patients with lumbar disc herniation associated with non-sciatica / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the outcome after sacral canal injection in patients with disc herniation associated with without sciatica.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December 2010 to June 2011, 65 patients with acute low back pain without sciatica due to lumbar disc herniation or bulging confirmed by CT or MRI were randomly divided into sacral canal injection group (experimental group) and lumbar oblique wrench group (control group): the experimental group had 35 cases, including 30 males and 5 females, with an average age of (43.90 +/- 1.14) years old ranging from 33 to 56 years old. The control group had 30 cases, including 27 males and 3 females,with an average age of (44.00 +/- 1.19) years old ranging from 34 to 57 years old. The course of morbidity was 1 to 3 days. All patients received sacral canal injection or lumbar oblique wrench method. The visual analog scale (VAS) scores before and at 30 min after treatment were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The symptom of acute low back pain were relieved obviously. The average VAS scores before and after treatment in experimental group were decreased from 6.63 +/- 0.97 to 3.06 +/- 1.51,in control group were from 6.67 +/- 0.96 to 3.93 +/- 1.20 respectively. These two methods could improve the VAS score,but the effect of sacral canal injection group was better than that of lumbar oblique wrench group, there was statistically differences (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is effective that the methods of sacral canal injection and lumbar oblique wrench applied to patients with acute low back pain without sciatica due to lumbar disc herniation or bulging confirmed, the former has better effect.</p>

Comparison of screw' inserting angle through the 11th and 12th rib anterior approaches for L1 burst fracture / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare screw's inserting angle through the 11th and 12th rib in treating L1 burst fracture, explore effects on inserting screw and postoperative angle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2007 to October 2010, 108 patients with L1 brust fracture treated through anterior approach were analyzed,including 68 males and 40 females, aged from 21 to 64 years (mean 38.22 years). All patients were divided into the 11th (A, 51 cases) and 12th (B, 57 cases) approach. The data of operation time,blood loss, duration of incision pain, JOA score, Oswestry score, VAS score, quality of life (SF-36), recovery of nervous function, coronal Cobb angle, included angle between screw and plate were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 9 to 37 months, mean 23 months. The operation time, blood loss, duration of incision pain, in group A were lower than group B (P<0.05), JOA score, Oswestry score, VAS score, SF-36, recovery of nervous function had no significant differences (P>0.05). There were no differences in Cobb angle before operation, but had significance after operation (P=0.000). There were statistically significance between two group in angle between screw and plate (P=0.000, P=0.003).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 11th rib approach for the treatment of L1 burst fracture has less effects on screw, less trauma and less angle between screw and plate.</p>

Clinicopathological analysis of esophageal carcinosarcoma:a report of 22 cases / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical treatment of esophageal carcinosarcoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The patients with esophageal carcinosarcoma were divided into two types according to barium swallow: intraluminal carcinosarcoma (n=20) and fungating carcinosarcoma (n=2). Only one esophageal carcinosarcoma case was diagnosed by esophagoscopic biopsy preoperatively. Twenty patients underwent left thoracic approach esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy above aortic arch, and two patients underwent esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy below aortic arch.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the cases survived during operation and had no severe complication. Post-operative biopsy revealed that 21 cases had definite boundary between the carcinoma and the sarcoma. Only one case showed the invasion of carcinomatous tissues into sarcomatous tissues and mixed growth. Four cases had lymph node metastases (18.2%). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 90.9% (20/22), 77.3% (17/22) and 68.2% (15/22) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Esophageal carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor with little invasiveness, low lymph node metastasis, early clinical symptom occurrence, low preoperative accurate diagnostic rate and good prognosis. Surgical resection is the main treatment for esophageal carcinosarcoma.</p>

Clinical observation of elderly patients with coronary heart disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting through descending thoracic aorta / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting through descending thoracic aorta in elderly patients with coronary heast disease and to decrease the post-operative complication.Methods Thirteen elderly patients underwent coronary bypass surgery with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB).Age range from 70 to 82 years with a mean of(72.1?6.0)years.Patients suffered from multi vessel disease.Many minimally invasive techniques of“Y”blood vessel graft anastomosis,anastomosis of blood vessel graft to descending aorta,minimally invasive direct,thoracoscope assist were used.Results All patients were survived.The mean duration of intubation was (6.9?0.9) hours.The average ICU stay was (2.5?0.5)days.No patients received blood transfusion.During the short-term follow-up(3 to 14 months) patients had no complaint of angina,Conclusions The technique of“Y”blood vessel graft anastomosis,descending aorta blood vessel graft,minimally invasive direct and thoracoscope assist in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting is a safe and cost-effective new procedure for elderly patients with multi-coronary artery disease.